Turkish
President Tayyip Erdogan. © Adem Altan
JamaliahYusofYacob - Turki
Presiden Recep Tayyip Erdogan sudah terkenal dengan mengikuti pembangkang
wartawan, artis dan ahli politik di rumah. Baru-baru ini beliau telah berpindah
untuk menghukum mereka di luar sempadannya, sering dengan persetujuan daripada
sekutu Eropah.
Turkey + EU = Censorship? 5 times Erdogan tried to get Europe to silence his
critics
Turkey’s
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is already notorious for pursuing opposition
journalists, artists and politicians at home. Recently he has moved to punish
them outside his borders, often with acquiescence from European allies.
Merkel
membuat gaji satira untuk jenaka kebinatangan (Merkel makes satirist pay for bestiality
jokes)
Jan
Boehmermann, host of 'Neo Magazin Royale' © Morris Mac Matzen/Reuters
Sebagaimana
TV Jerman satira Jan Bohmermann membacakan puisi mengaitkan Erdogan dalam
perbuatan seks dengan kambing dan kecenderungan untuk pornografi kanak-kanak
bulan lalu, dia tahu apa yang dia lakukan - menguji kesabaran Turki, yang sudah
mengadu tentang minggu lagu menyindir awal dan toleransi kerajaan sendiri.
As
German TV satirist Jan Bohmermann read out a poem implicating Erdogan in sex
acts with goats and a proclivity for child pornography last month, he knew
exactly what he was doing – testing the patience of Turkey, which had already
complained about a satirical song weeks earlier, and the tolerance of his own
government.
Dengan
puisi menghina beliau mengenai Presiden Turki Erdogan, Jan Böhmermann telah
mencetuskan hubungan sulit negara (With
his insulting poem about Turkish President Erdogan, Jan Böhmermann has
triggered an affair of state).
Tidak
mengejutkan, Turki telah marah. Tetapi mungkin kejutan yang lebih besar adalah
apabila Canselor Angela Merkel bersetuju dengan Ankara bahawa puisi itu
"sengaja provokatif," dan biarkan Boehmermann pendakwaan muka bawah
undang-undang yang jarang digunakan yang menghukum mereka yang menghina orang-orang
kenamaan asing.
Unsurprisingly,
Turkey was incensed. But perhaps a bigger shock was when Chancellor Angela
Merkel agreed with Ankara that the poem was “deliberately provocative,” and let
Bohmermann face prosecution under a rarely-used law that punishes those who
insult foreign dignitaries.
Canselor
Jerman Angela Merkel (dariKiri) dan Presiden Turki Tayyip Erdogan (German Chancellor Angela Merkel (L) and
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan) © Tolga Bozoglu/Reuters
Ini
melepaskan ribut kritikan bertujuan untuk kedua-dua Merkel dan Erdogan,
dikuatkan oleh kenyamanan mereka, berikutan perjanjian pulangan pelarian
baru-baru ini. Minggu lalu, Merkel backpedaled, mempertahankan kebebasan
bersuara dan berkata pandangan beliau adalah satu "kesilapan" - tanpa
menterbalikkan tindakan beliau.
This
unleashed a storm of criticism aimed at both Merkel and Erdogan, amplified by
their coziness, following the recent refugee return deal. Last week, Merkel
backpedaled, defending free speech and saying her views were a “mistake” -
without reversing her actions.
Baca
lebih lanjut: 'Memberi tumpuan kepada video kucing': Komik Jerman yang
disasarkan dalam percuma berturut-turut bersuara dengan Erdogan menggantung
rancangan TV READ MORE: 'Focus on cat videos’: German
comic targeted in free speech row with Erdogan suspends TV show
Ini,
Boehmermann kini di sabatikal, bersiap sedia untuk membela diri di mahkamah,
dan beratus-ratus beribu-ribu orang mendaftar untuk petisyen untuk
membebaskannya.
Thus,
Bohmermann is now on a sabbatical, preparing to defend himself in court, and
hundreds of thousands are signing up to a petition to acquit him.
Urusan
Boehmermann telah dikuasakan lingkaran yang lebih lucah sindiran bertujuan
Erdogan, dengan pelawak terkenal Belanda Hans Teeuwen menggambarkan sebuah
perhubungan seksual yang tidak berjaya dengan Presiden Turki apabila dia adalah
seorang kanak-kanak lelaki di sewa di sebuah rumah mandi Istanbul. Ahli
Parlimen Belanda mengambil sisi pelawak itu, berkata mereka akan memansuhkan
undang-undang yang sama dengan yang tidak perlu lagi Boehmermann ditapis di
Jerman. Majalah konservatif Spectator UK,
yang beroperasi di sebuah negara yang tidak mempunyai undang-undang
anti-menyindir, telah juga memulakan satu pertandingan untuk puisi yang terbaik
menghina pemimpin Turki.
Tetapi
Ankara tidak melangkah kembali. Pada hari Isnin, Turki menuntut penghapusan
gambar - yang menunjukkan penunjuk perasaan pembangkang memegang banner
menyalahkan Erdogan atas kematian seorang remaja - dari pameran fotografi di
Geneva. Sekali lagi, jika diambil ke bawah ia akan berada di bawah
undang-undang tempatan melindungi maruah tokoh masyarakat asing.
The
Bohmermann affair has powered a spiral of ever more lewd satire aimed at
Erdogan, with renowned Dutch comedian Hans Teeuwen picturing an unsuccessful
sexual liaison with the Turkish President when he was a rent boy in an Istanbul
bathhouse. Dutch MPs took the side of the comedian, saying they would abolish a
law similar to the one that got Bohmermann censured in Germany. UK conservative
magazine the Spectator, operating in a country that has no anti-satirical laws,
has also started a competition for the best poem insulting the Turkish leader.
But
Ankara is not stepping back. On Monday, Turkey demanded the removal of a photo
- showing an opposition protester holding a banner blaming Erdogan for the
death of a teenager - from a photography exhibition in Geneva. Once again, if
taken down it will be under local legislation protecting the dignity of foreign
public figures.
April 25, 2016 - pelawat
melihat gambar oleh wartawan foto Swiss Demir Sonmez di ‘Place des Nations’ di
Geneva Berkin Elvan, yang cedera parah semasa demonstrasi besar-besaran
terhadap Perdana Menteri Recep Tayyip Erdogan (April 25, 2016 – visitors view a
picture by Swiss photojournalist Demir Sonmez at the Place des Nations in
Geneva of Berkin Elvan, who was fatally injured during mass demonstrations
against then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan) © Fabricce Coffrini/AFP
Don’t
let them sing about the genocide
http://dw.com/p/1HDct?tw Radialsystem V Berlin: Dresden
Symphony dijalankan oleh Andrea Molino mengimbas kembali pembunuhan
beramai-ramai Armenia (Radialsystem V
Berlin: Dresden Symphony conducted by Andrea Molino recalls Armenian genocide) 6:18 PM - 28 Nov 2015
Selain
daripada penghinaan ditujukan kepada Erdogan, titik sakit antarabangsa ke-2
adalah liputan, atau menyebut Pembunuhan Bangsa Armenia dipanggil tahun 1915,
di mana Yerevan berkata seramai 1.5 juta orang mati akibat tindakan Empayar Uthmaniyyah.
Turki
sekeras-kerasnya menentang penggunaan istilah, dan idea bahawa Armenia
disasarkan tidak seimbang, dan pada hujung minggu cerita yang muncul Turki
menuntut bahawa EU menarik balik € 200,000 ($ 224,500) dalam pembiayaan untuk
persembahan orkestra di Dresden, Jerman, pada April 30, yang merujuk kepada
peristiwa-peristiwa seperti pembunuhan beramai-ramai.
Other
than insults directed at Erdogan, the second international sore point is
coverage, or even mention of the so-called Armenian Genocide of 1915, in which
Yerevan says as many as 1.5 million people died due to the actions of the
Ottoman Empire.
Turkey
vehemently opposes the use of the term, and the idea that Armenians were
targeted disproportionately, and over the weekend a story emerged of Turkey
demanding that the EU withdraw €200,000 ($224,500) in funding for an orchestra
performance in Dresden, Germany, on April 30, which referred to the events as
genocide.
Aktivis
memegang potret mangsa semasa demonstrasi senyap untuk memperingati pembunuhan
beramai-Armenia oleh Ottoman Turki di Istanbul, Turki April 24, 2016 (Activists
hold portraits of victims during a silent demonstration to commemorate the mass
killings of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in Istanbul, Turkey April 24, 2016) ©
Osman Orsal/Reuters
"Ia
merupakan satu pelanggaran terhadap kebebasan bersuara," kata Markus
Rindt, pengarah orkestra Dresdner Sinfoniker.
Untuk
kekaguman Rindt ini, EU kowtowed tekanan Turki dan dibuat penyingkiran
pembunuhan beramai-ramai perkataan syarat untuk mengekalkan geran.
"Kami
semua ini sangat dipersoalkan," kata Rindt.
Walaupun
pergi awam cerita, program prestasi sebelumnya, dan bahan-bahan promosi, telah
"ditarik balik buat sementara waktu," menurut EU, manakala
"penerangan projek baru akan diterbitkan semula pada hari-hari akan
datang."
Sweden
ketawa keluar permintaan menarik
dokumentari
Pembunuhan
beramai-ramai Assyria, di mana lebih 250,000 orang Asyur mungkin telah
disembelih oleh Uthmaniyyah, juga pada tahun 1915, adalah kurang terkenal,
tetapi topik hangat dalam Sweden, yang menempatkan minoriti besar Assyria.
"It's
an infringement on freedom of expression," said Markus Rindt, director of
the Dresdner Sinfoniker orchestra.
To
Rindt’s astonishment, the EU kowtowed to Turkish pressure and made the removal
of the word genocide a condition for maintaining the grant.
"We
find all of this very questionable," said Rindt.
Despite
the story going public, the previous performance program, and its promotional
materials, have been “temporarily withdrawn,” according to the EU, while
"a new project description will be republished in the coming days.”
Sweden
laughs off demand to pull documentary
The
Assyrian genocide, in which over 250,000 Assyrians may have been slaughtered by
Ottomans, also in 1915, is less well-known, but a hot topic in Sweden, which
accommodates a sizeable Assyrian minority.
Baca
lebih lanjut: Kedutaan Turki mahu saluran Sweden untuk menarik balik filem pada
pembunuhan beramai-ramai Assyria READ MORE: Turkish embassy wants Swedish
channel to withdraw film on Assyrian genocide
Lebih
awal daripada siaran dokumentari mengenai acara itu hujung bulan ini, pengeluar
dari saluran TV4 itu membuka surat dari Kedutaan Turki mendesak mereka untuk
menggugurkan penghantaran kerana "hanya tribunal antarabangsa yang berwibawa
boleh menentukan sama ada suatu peristiwa tertentu adalah pembunuhan
beramai-ramai" dan filem mereka,
yang tidak pernah dilihat oleh penulis, "akan gagal untuk berkhidmat
kepada prinsip objektiviti penyiaran."
"Kami
tidak boleh menerima ini. Kami akan membantah sebarang usaha untuk mengenakan
tekanan yang mengancam kebebasan bersuara, "kata satu kenyataan daripada
pengarah program stesen, Viveka Hansson, yang menerbitkan surat itu di laman
web saluran itu, sebelum penyiaran filem dalam slot asalnya.
Ahead
of the broadcast of a documentary on the event later this month, producers from
the TV4 channel opened a letter from the Turkish embassy urging them to drop
the transmission because “only a
competent international tribunal can determine whether a particular event is
genocide” and their film, which had not been seen by the
author, “will fail to serve the
principle of objectivity of broadcasting.”
“We can never accept this. We will protest
against any attempt to exert pressure that threatens freedom of expression,” said a statement from the station's
program director, Viveka Hansson, who published the letter on the channel’s
website, before broadcasting the film in its original slot.
Dalam apa yang kelihatan tahap kualitatif baru gangguan, minggu lalu konsulat Turki di Rotterdam melalui e-mel organisasi Turki dengan permintaan itu mereka melaporkan "menghina" komen mengenai "Presiden kita, bangsa Turki atau Turki secara umum." Dalam giliran jahat, huruf merujuk kepada "segala-galanya yang dikongsi di Twitter, Facebook dan juga dalam e-mel peribadi."
Belanda
tidak laissez-faire. ". Saya terkejut Ia tidak jelas apa yang kerajaan
Turki bertujuan untuk mencapai dengan tindakan ini," Perdana Menteri Mark
Rutte memberitahu wartawan, sambil menambah: "Duta kami di Ankara akan
meminta penjelasan."
In what
appears a qualitatively new level of interference, last week the Turkish
consulate in Rotterdam emailed Turkish organizations with the request they
report “derogatory” comments about “our President, the Turkish nation or Turkey
in general.” In a sinister turn, the letter refers to "everything that's
being shared on Twitter, Facebook and even in private emails."
The
Dutch were not laissez-faire. "I am surprised. It's not clear what the
Turkish government aims to achieve with this action," Prime Minister Mark
Rutte told journalists, adding: "Our ambassador in Ankara will ask for an
explanation."
Dutch
Prime Minister Mark Rutte. © Olivia Harris/Reuters
Turki
mendakwa niat e-mel itu "Disalahtafsirkan kerana pilihan kata-kata
malang," dan bahawa negara ini
semata-mata "mengumpul inventori" tindak balas asing untuk kepimpinan
dan imejnya.
Turkey
claimed that the intent of the email was “misconstrued due to an unfortunate choice of words,” and
that the country was merely “collecting
an inventory” of foreign reactions to its leadership and image.
Baca
lebih lanjut: kartun Belanda akhbar itu menggambarkan Erdogan sebagai beruk
menghancurkan kebebasan bersuara READ MORE:
Dutch daily’s cartoon depicts Erdogan as ape crushing free speech
Tetapi
dengan minoriti Turki yang besar di Belanda, sesetengah daripada mereka boleh
didakwa di bawah undang-undang Turki jika mereka kembali ke tanah air,
pengkritik dan akhbar-akhbar menulis tentang "lengan panjang Erdogan,"
dan menyiarkan kartun satira untuk perlawanan mereka, membawa cerita bulatan
penuh.
But
with a large Turkish minority in the Netherlands, some of whom could be
prosecuted under Turkish laws if they ever return to their homeland, critics
and newspapers wrote about “the
long arm of Erdogan,” and published satirical cartoons to match,
bringing the story full circle.
Memilih
Perjuangan: Belanda mencetak kertas kartun Pres Erdogan sebagai beruk
menghancurkan kebebasan bersuara (PICKING
A FIGHT: Dutch paper prints cartoon of Pres Erdogan as an ape crushing free
speech) https://goo.gl/L9d97E
